through whom also we have obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we boast in the hope of the glory of God. And not only this, but we also boast in our afflictions, because we[a] know that affliction produces patient endurance, and patient endurance, proven character, and proven character, hope,

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 5:3 Here “because” is supplied as a component of the participle (“know”) which is understood as causal